Over the past 15 years, we have seen China, the "manufacturing superpower" become a dominant trade partner across the globe. Beginning with the 2015 "Made in China: 2025" strategy, we can chart the sectors where Beijing wished to become a major player on the global market in 2015 and where they are now. Focusing on Comtrade data on Chinese EVs, batteries, critical minerals, steel plate, information communications technologies, and pharmaceuticals, we can see if the Five Eyes increased or decreased strategic dependency. What, if any, are the lessons learned from the last 10 years and what policy solutions exist for the five?

Dr John Hemmings is Director of the National Security Centre at the Henry Jackson Society, Senior Adviser to the Pacific Forum and an Adjunct Professor at the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Centre for Security Studies, a US Department of War regional center in Honolulu. He has worked or been associated with various research organizations focused on Indo-Pacific security studies for nearly 18 years, including research positions, honorary positions, and directorships at the Henry Jackson Society, the Royal United Services Institute, and the Center for Strategic and International Studies. His research focuses on security and defense in the Indo-Pacific, and includes US-China relations, Japan, the Korean Peninsula, maritime security and the defense industrial base.